Research and Publications

Our products have been used by both the business community to promote change and development and by the academic community to better understand the causes and outcomes of behavior within organizations. The list below includes books, articles, research reports, and dissertations which describe either the reliability and validity of our products or ways in which our products have been used. Some articles are available on our website, while others are not due to copyrights. Copies of books and research reports can be obtained by contacting the publishers, copies of articles can be obtained through university libraries or the inter-library loan system, and copies of dissertations can be obtained by contacting UMI Dissertation Services (phone: 1-800-521-0600 and 1-734-761-4700; website: www.umi.com).

Scroll down to find research related to your particular product of interest.

Acumen Leadership WorkStyles (LWS)

Guest, C.W., & Blucher, S.R. (1998). WorkStyles 6.0 Technical Report on Methods and Validity.

Acumen Team WorkStyles (TWS)

Guest, C.W., & Blucher, S.R. (1998). WorkStyles 6.0 Technical Report on Methods and Validity.

Acumen Team Skills (TSK)

Guest, C.W., & Blucher, S.R. (2000). TeamSkills 6.0 Technical Report on Methods and Validity.

Cascades Survival Situation

Szumal, J. L. (2000). How to use group problem solving simulations to improve teamwork. In Silberman, M., & Philips, P. (Eds.) The 2000 team and organization development sourcebook. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.

Szumal, J. L. (2001). Four Steps to Building Better Teams. In Silberman, M., & Philips, P. (Eds.) The 2001 team and organization development sourcebook. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.

Constructive Negotiations Challenge

Szumal, J. L. (2000). How to use group problem solving simulations to improve teamwork. In Silberman, M., & Philips, P. (Eds.) The 2000 Team and organization development sourcebook. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.

Szumal, J. L. (2001). Four Steps to Building Better Teams. In Silberman, M., & Philips, P. (Eds.) The 2001 team and organization development sourcebook. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.

Critical Thinking Challenge

Jeris, L. H. (1997). An empirical study of the relationship between team process interventions and double-loop learning. Ph.D. dissertation. DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University.

Culture for Diversity Inventory

Whitfield, G. & Landeros, R. (2006). Supplier diversity effectiveness: Does organizational culture really matter? The Journal of Supply Chain Management, 42, 16-28.

Desert Survival Situation

Dyer, W. G. (1987). Team building: Issues and alternatives (2nd ed.). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, p. 75.

Prebble, R. (2006). Out of the red. Rotorua NZ.

Silberman, M. L. (1990). Active training: A handbook of techniques, designs, case examples, and tips. New York, NY: Lexington, pp. 100-101.

Szumal, J. L. (2001). Four Steps to Building Better Teams. In Silberman, M., & Philips, P. (Eds.) The 2001 team and organization development sourcebook. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.

Ethical Decision Challenge

Szumal, J. L. (1995). An examination of the multiple-level effects of gender and race on group problem solving. Ph.D. dissertation. Chicago, IL: University of Illinois at Chicago.

Szumal, J. L. (2000). How to use group problem solving simulations to improve teamwork. In Silberman, M., & Philips, P. (Eds.) The 2000 Team and organization development sourcebook. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.

Group Styles Inventory (GSI)

Cooke, R. A., & Szumal, J. L. (1994). The impact of group interaction styles on problem-solving effectiveness. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 30, 415-437.

Jeris, L. H. (1997). An empirical study of the relationship between team process interventions and double-loop learning. Ph.D. dissertation. DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University.

Szumal, J. L. (1995). An examination of the multiple-level effects of gender and race on group problem solving. Ph.D. dissertation. Chicago, IL: University of Illinois at Chicago.

Szumal, J. L. (2001). Four Steps to Building Better Teams. In Silberman, M., & Philips, P. (Eds.) The 2001 team and organization development sourcebook. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.

Leadership/Impact (L/I)

Cooke, R.A. & Sharkey, L. (2006). Developing Constructive Leader Impact. Orefield, PA: Consulting Today.

Leslie, J. B., & Fleenor, J. W. (1998). Feedback to managers: A review and comparison of multi-rater instruments for management development (3rd ed.). Greensboro, NC: Center for Creative Leadership.

Masi, R. J., & Cooke, R. A. (2000). Effects of transformational leadership on subordinate motivation, empowering norms, and organizational productivity. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 8, 16-47

Szumal, J.L. (2002). The essence of leadership.

Szumal, J.L. (2002). An International Study of the Reliability and Validity of Leadership/Impact (L/I).

Life Styles Inventory (LSI)

Boglarsky, C. A., & Kwantes, C. T. Conflict Perceptions and their role in manager’s choice of resolution style. Presented at the Fourth Biennial Conference on Intercultural Research, Kent, OH, US, 2005.

Boglarsky, C. A., & Kwantes, C. T. Who is happy and why? Subjective well-being and associated thinking styles of US and Canadian students. Presented at the 17th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Society, Los Angeles, CA, US, 2005.

Cooke, R. A., Lafferty, J. C., & Rousseau, D. M. (1987). Thinking and behavioral styles: Consistency between self-descriptions and descriptions by others. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 815-823.

Cooke, R. A., & Rousseau, D. M. (1983). The factor structure of Level 1: Life Styles Inventory. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 43, 449-457.

Cooke, R. A., & Rousseau, D. M. (1983). Relationship of life events and personal orientations to symptoms of strain. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68, 446-458.

Gratzinger, P. D., Warren, R. A., & Cooke, R. A. (1990). Psychological orientations and leadership: Thinking styles that differentiate between effective and ineffective managers. In Clark, K. E., & Clark, M. B. (Eds.), Measures of leadership. Greensboro, NC: Center for Creative Leadership.

Human Synergistics. (1986). Improving store management effectiveness. Atlanta, GA: Coca Cola Retailing Research Council.

Leslie, J. B., & Fleenor, J. W. (1998). Feedback to managers: A review and comparison of multi-rater instruments for management development (3rd ed.). Greensboro, NC: Center for Creative Leadership.

Masi, R. J. (1993). Impact of the transformational leader style, empowering culture, and individual empowerment on productivity and commitment to quality: An empirical investigation of the behavioral aspects of these two outcomes. Ph.D. dissertation. Chicago, IL: University of Illinois at Chicago.

Masi, R. J., & Cooke, R. A. (2000). Effects of transformational leadership on subordinate motivation, empowering norms, and organizational productivity. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 8, 16-47

Nediger, W. G., & Chelladurai, P. (1989). Life Styles Inventory: Its applicability in the Canadian context. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 49, 901-909.

Prebble, R. (2006). Out of the red. Rotorua NZ.

Skenes, R.E., & Honing, C.A. (2004). Pretest/Posttest Use of the Life Styles Inventory for Outcomes Assessment of a Professional Master’s in Managerial Leadership Program. Group and Organization Management, 29 (2), 171-200.

Szumal, J. L. & Cooke, R.A. (2004). Increasing personal success and effectiveness: Thinking and behavioral styles at work. In Silberman, M., & Philips, P. (Eds.) The 2004 training and performance sourcebook. Princeton, NJ: Active Training.

Ware, M. E., Leak, G. K., & Perry, N. W. (1985). Life Styles Inventory: Evidence for its factorial validity. Psychological Reports, 56, 963-968.

Management Effectiveness Profile System (MEPS)

Cooke, R. A. (1989). Assessing managerial effectiveness with the Management Effectiveness Profile System. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 49, 723-732.

Leslie, J. B., & Fleenor, J. W. (1998). Feedback to managers: A review and comparison of multi-rater instruments for management development (3rd ed.). Greensboro, NC: Center for Creative Leadership.

Observer’s Guide

Kernaghan, J. A., & Cooke, R. A. (1987). The relationship of group process factors to the quality and acceptance of group output. International Journal of Small Group Research, 3, 39-61.

Kernaghan, J. A., & Cooke, R. A. (1990). Teamwork in planning innovative projects: Improving group performance by rational and interpersonal interventions in group process. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 37, 109-116.

Organizational Culture Inventory (OCI)

Boglarsky, C. A. (2005). Five Steps to a Successful Merger/Acquisition. Workspan, 48, 50-52.

Boglarsky, C. A., & Kwantes, C. T., Ideal and actual culture: How different is too different? Presented at the 65th Annual Conference of the Canadian Psychological Association, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada, 2004.

Corbett, L.M. & Rastrick, K.N. (2000).  Quality performance and organizational culture: A New Zealand study.  International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 17(1), 14-26.

Kwantes, C. T., & Boglarsky, C. A. Individual level outcomes of the relationship between social and organizational cultures. Presented at the International Association of Cross Cultural Psychology Sixth European Regional Congress, Budapest, Hungary, 2003.

Cocchiola, F. A. (1990). The impact of grade organization on the organizational culture of junior-senior and senior high schools. Ed.D. dissertation. NY: Fordham University.

Cooke, R. A., & Rousseau, D. M. (1988). Behavioral norms and expectations: A quantitative approach to the assessment of organizational culture. Group & Organization Studies, 13, 245-273.

Cooke, R. A., & Szumal, J. L. (2000). Using the Organizational Culture Inventory to understand the operating cultures of organizations. In Ashkanasy, N. M., Wilderom, C. P. M., & Peterson, M. F. (Eds.), Handbook of organizational culture and climate. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Cooke, R. A., & Szumal, J. L. (1993). Measuring normative beliefs and shared behavioral expectations in organizations: The reliability and validity of the Organizational Culture Inventory. Psychological Reports, 72, 1299-1330.

Davidhizar, R., & Bowen, M. (1991). Helping the new nurse adjust to the OR environment. Today’s OR Nurse, 13, 18-21.

Gaucher, E. & Kratochwill, E.W. (1993).  The leader’s role in implementing total quality management.  Quality Management in Health Care, 1(3), 10-18.

Gundry, L. (1987). Critical incidents in organizational cultures: The enculturation of newcomers in organizations. Ph.D. dissertation. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University.

Haber, S. D., O’Brien, J. N., Metlay, D. S., & Crouch, D. A. (1991). Influence of organizational factors in performance reliability. (Overview and detailed methodological development, Office of Nuclear Regulator Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission). Upton, NY: Brookhaven National Laboratory.

Haber, S. D., & Shurberg, D. A. (1992). Organizational culture during the accident response process. In Knief, R. A. (Ed.), Topical meeting on risk management. La Grange Park, IL: American Nuclear Society, pp. 152-156.

Human Synergistics. (1986). Improving store management effectiveness. Atlanta, GA: Coca-Cola Retailers’ Research Council.

Jablonski, J. R. (1990). Implementing total quality management: Competing in the 1990’s. Albuquerque, NM: Technical Management Consortium.

Jaeger, M. (2001). Personalmanagement bei Mergers & Acquisitions-Strategien Instrumente Erfolgsfaktoren. Hermann Luchterhand Verlag GmbH, Neuwied, Kriftel, pp. 76-82.

Keenan, G. M. (1994). Nurse management of conflicts with physicians in emergency rooms. Ph.D. dissertation. Chicago, IL: University of Illinois at Chicago.

Klein, A. S., Masi, R. J., and Weidner, C. K. (1995). Organizational culture, distribution and amount of control, and perceptions of quality. Group & Organization Management, 20, 122-148.

Klein, M. I. (1992). Corporate culture and store performance: Differences among high performance and low performance stores. Ph.D. dissertation. Philadelphia: Temple University.

Klein, R. L., Bigley, G. A., & Roberts, K. H. (1995). Organizational culture in high reliability organizations: An extension. Human Relations, 48, 771-793.

Kosmoski-Goepfert, K. (1994). Effects of registered nurses’ work design on hospital unit culture, quality, and cost of patient care. Ph.D. dissertation. Chicago, IL: University of Illinois at Chicago.

Kwantes, C. T., & Boglarsky, C. A. Organizational cultures across national boundaries: Results of a cluster analysis. Manuscript accepted for publication. Applied Multivariate Research.

Kwantes, C. T., & Boglarsky, C. A. (2004). Do occupational groups vary in expressed organizational culture preferences? A study of six occupations in the United States. International Journal of Cross-Cultural Management [Special Issue: Identifying Culture], 4(3), 335-353.

Lahiry, S. (1994). Building commitment through organizational culture. Training and Development Journal, 48 (4), 50-52.

McDaniels, C. (1995). Organizational culture and ethics work satisfaction. Journal of Nursing Administration, 25, 15-21.

National Institute of Corrections. (2007). Building Culture Strategically: A Team Approach for Corrections. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice. Full text available at: http://www.nicic.org/Library/021749

Prebble, R. (2006). Out of the red. Rotorua NZ.

Rousseau, D. M. (1990). Normative beliefs in fund-raising organizations: Linking culture to organizational performance and individual responses. Group & Organization Studies, 15, 448-460.

Shortell, S. M., and Associates. (1994). The performance of intensive care units: Does good management make a difference? Medical Care, 32, 508-525.

Slowinski, G. (1992). Why corporate cultures are critical to success in strategic alliances: The human touch in successful strategic alliances. Mergers & Acquisitions, 27, 44-47.

Szumal, J.L. (2002). Is your organization experiencing a culture disconnect?

Szumal, J. L. & Cooke, R.A. (2003). Organizational climate versus culture: An experiential case study. In Silberman, M., & Philips, P. (Eds.) The 2003 team and organization development sourcebook. Princeton, NJ: Active Training.

Thomas, C., Ward, M., Chorba, C., & Kumiega, A. (1990). Measuring and interpreting organizational culture. Journal of Nursing Administration, 20, 17-24.

Thornbury, J. F. (1994). The relationship between behavioral norms, organizational culture, and the ability to assimilate change. London: KPMG Management Consulting.

United States Department of Energy (1991).  Organizational Cultural Assessment of the Solar Energy Research Institute.  Report DOE/EH-0208P (OSTI Identifier 5217665).  Washington DC: USDOE.

van der Velde, M., & Class, M. D. (1995). The relationship of role conflict and ambiguity to organizational culture. In Sauter & Murphy (Eds.), Organizational risk factors for job stress. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Yauch, Charlene A., & Steudel, Harold J. (2003). Complementary Use of Qualitative and Quantitative Cultural Assessment Methods. Organizational Research Methods, 6 (4), 465-481.

Xenikou, A., & Furnham, A. (1996). A correlational and factor analytic study of four questionnaire measures of organizational culture. Human Relations, 49, 349-371.

Zimmerman, J. E., and Associates. (1994). Improving intensive care units: Observations based on organizational case studies in nine intensive care units. Critical Care Medicine, 10, 1443-1451.

Organizational Effectiveness Inventory (OEI)

Cooke, R. A., & Szumal, J. L. (2000). Using the Organizational Culture Inventory to understand the operating cultures of organizations. In Ashkanasy, N. M., Wilderom, C. P. M., & Peterson, M. F. (Eds.), Handbook of organizational culture and climate. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Green, F.B. & Henderson, D.A. (2000).  Nine ways to evaluate the effectiveness of your team-based organization.  The Journal for Quality & Participation, 23(2), 36-39.

Flanagan, P. (2003). Organizational culture and effectiveness: Critical factors for survival and success.  O&P Business News, January 1, 11.

Szumal, J.L. (2001). Reliability and Validity of the OEI. Arlington Heights, IL: Human Synergistics/Center for Applied Research.

Szumal, J. L. & Cooke, R.A. (2003). Organizational climate versus culture: An experiential case study. In Silberman, M., & Philips, P. (Eds.) The 2003 team and organization development sourcebook. Princeton, NJ: Active Training.

Performance Management Challenge

Szumal, J. L. (2000). How to use group problem solving simulations to improve teamwork. In Silberman, M., & Philips, P. (Eds.) The 2000 Team and organization development sourcebook. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.

Szumal, J. L. (2001). Four Steps to Building Better Teams. In Silberman, M., & Philips, P. (Eds.) The 2001 team and organization development sourcebook. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.

Project Planning Situation

Cooke, R. A., & Kernaghan, J. A. (1987). Estimating the difference between group versus individual performance on problem-solving tasks. Group & Organization Studies, 12, 319-342.

Kernaghan, J. A., & Cooke, R. A. (1987). The relationship of group process factors to the quality and acceptance of group output. International Journal of Small Group Research, 3, 39-61.

Kernaghan, J. A., & Cooke, R. A. (1990). Teamwork in planning innovative projects: Improving group performance by rational and interpersonal interventions in group process. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 37, 109-116.

Szumal, J. L. (2000). How to use group problem solving simulations to improve teamwork. In Silberman, M., & Philips, P. (Eds.) The 2000 Team and organization development sourcebook. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.

Szumal, J. L. (2001). Four Steps to Building Better Teams. In Silberman, M., & Philips, P. (Eds.) The 2001 team and organization development sourcebook. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.

Stress Processing Report (SPR)

Cooke, R. A. (1986). Measuring stressful thinking styles: An analysis of the Stress Processing Report-Form II. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 46, 275-282.

Cooke, R. A., Rousseau, D. M., & Lafferty, J. C. (1988). Personal orientations and their relation to psychological and physiological symptoms of strain. Psychological Reports, 62, 223-238.

Duvall, Cheryl King. (2001). The relationship between thinking patterns and physiological symptoms of stress. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 29, 537-545.

Lynn, Martha A. (1988). The effect of a cognitive reframing stress management workshop on thinking styles within an organizational setting (bank officers). University of Missouri- Kansas City (Ph.D. Dissertation).

Szumal, J.L. (2002). Are you a stress magnet?

Subarctic Survival Situation

Cooke, R. A., & Szumal, J. L. (1994). The impact of group interaction styles on problem-solving effectiveness. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 30, 415-437.

Dyer, W. G. (1987). Team building: Issues and alternatives (2nd ed.). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, p. 75.

Szumal, J. L. (2000). How to use group problem solving simulations to improve teamwork. In Silberman, M., & Philips, P. (Eds.) The 2000 Team and organization development sourcebook. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.

Szumal, J. L. (2001). Four Steps to Building Better Teams. In Silberman, M., & Philips, P. (Eds.) The 2001 team and organization development sourcebook. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.